Facility Changes That Drive 80% of Emissions Savings

The overlooked 20% of building strategies can deliver 80% of emissions savings. Here’s how to reset your 2026 baseline.

Ava Montini

Jan 6, 2026

Written by

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The 80/20 Pattern in Building Decarbonization

In business, the Pareto principle (the idea that 20% of actions create 80% of results) shows up everywhere. It also applies to the way buildings decarbonize.

Most portfolios still treat carbon reduction as a capital-projects problem: new chillers, new boilers, new equipment. These projects are visible, expensive, and easy to headline in ESG reports. But in practice, the biggest near-term gains lie in the systems that are already running every hour of every day.

According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, space heating, cooling, and ventilation are among the top energy end-uses in commercial buildings, with ventilation alone consuming nearly 10% of the total building energy. Factor in heating and cooling, and the air systems you already own set the floor for your emissions profile. Industry surveys and guidance reinforce this point: HVAC systems consistently account for approximately 40% of energy use in commercial facilities. A share that shifts by climate zone but remains dominant across the board.

Before you buy new megawatts, make the watts you already use travel a shorter, smarter, more efficient path.

Filtration as a carbon multiplier (not a consumable line item)

Why filtration matters for energy (and CO₂e)

Filters impose a pressure drop; fans work against that resistance. Basic fan/affinity laws tell us that pressure rises with the square of fan speed, and fan power typically scales with pressure/flow requirements. Therefore, adding resistance increases fan energy unless the system compensates by reducing the flow.

On variable-speed systems that maintain flow, peer-reviewed work shows roughly linear fan-power response to added system pressure: a 10% rise in total pressure drop ≈ 10% rise in fan electric power (assumes fan and motor efficiencies roughly constant at operating point). CaEE

Field and lab studies show that higher filter resistance reduces supply airflow and can increase total power (especially as filters load), degrading cooling capacity and forcing longer runtimes. Newer research also documents the compounding effects of filter loading, with heavy clogging cutting net supply airflow by >30%, a textbook example of invisible energy waste. ScienceDirect

Moving up in MERV doesn’t automatically mean higher energy costs. Well-designed filters use optimized media and geometry (like deeper pleats or more surface area) to keep airflow resistance low. Studies have shown that these higher-efficiency filters can have a lower pressure drop than inexpensive MERV 8 pleated filters, especially when systems are properly balanced. In other words, it’s the filter’s pressure profile that matters, not just the MERV number. ScienceDirect

If you can lower your filter pressure drop while maintaining or improving capture, you directly reduce continuous fan energy. One of the few all-hours loads in many facilities. Because fans run whenever you condition or ventilate space, these savings translate cleanly into CO₂e reductions (see Section 5 for the math).

Demand-Controlled Ventilation (DCV)

What DCV does

It modulates outside-air intake based on occupancy (CO₂, people-count, scheduling) to avoid conditioning empty spaces. Codes and standards increasingly require or encourage DCV in high-occupancy areas, with ASHRAE 62.1 updates clarifying when and how ventilation turndown is permitted (including addenda that allow reduction to zero OA during verified unoccupied periods in certain space types). ASHRAE

Across building types and climates, published work shows that DCV control logic achieves ~9–33% HVAC energy savings. Advanced rooftop-unit control packages, which incorporate multi-speed/variable fans, DCV, and smarter economizer control, have delivered double-digit fan and cooling savings, sometimes exceeding 20%. Taylor & Francis Online

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) analyses flag that cost-effectiveness depends on the baseline over-ventilation and occupancy patterns; if your current minimums are already close to code, savings shrink. That’s a guidance feature, not a flaw—the point is to measure your baseline VRs before projecting benefits. Energy Technologies Area

DCV is a surgical lever: attack over-ventilation where it exists, prove reductions with trend data, and lock in permanent load reductions; especially valuable in heating-dominated regions where conditioning outside air is expensive in both energy and CO₂e. Energy Codes Guide

Preventative Maintenance

Controls drift, coils foul, dampers stick, sensors mis-calibrate—quietly taxing 5–15% of portfolio energy in many studies. Modern fault detection & diagnostics (FDD) tools and structured maintenance programs quickly recapture that waste. NREL Docs

Coil fouling: Government and academic sources document material energy penalties from dirty coils; some guidance cites compressor energy up to ~30% higher with fouled condensers (case and climate dependent). Even conservative findings confirm meaningful efficiency and capacity degradation. Avoidable with routine cleaning. Energy.gov.au
Economizers & OA paths: Mis-tuned economizers are common and costly; retuning and sensor QA via FDD is repeatedly highlighted in DOE/NREL/PNNL guidance as a top-tier low-cost fix. PNNL
RTU controls refresh: Campaign results and tech briefs demonstrate that advanced RTU control (variable fan, DCV, and economizer optimization) consistently yields energy reductions of more than 20%, with 25–50% reductions cited in certain deployments compared to legacy constant-speed, always-open baselines. Better Buildings Solution Center

Maintenance is mitigation. It’s also Scope 3-friendly: operating equipment at design efficiency extends service life and defers replacements, reducing embodied carbon churn in your capital plan. (See the measurement plan below to make these savings auditable.)

Turning kWh into CO₂e: a quick, defensible method

Your sustainability stakeholders care about tons, not watts. To translate HVAC savings into CO₂e:

Quantify energy from the measure (e.g., fan kWh drop from low-pressure filters; heating/cooling kWh or therms saved from DCV; kWh saved from FDD fixes).
Apply grid or fuel emission factors appropriate to the site(s) and year.
- U.S. electricity (2022 eGRID avg): ≈ 0.393 kg CO₂/kWh (867.5 lb/MWh delivered). US EPA+1
- Canada electricity (2025 factors) vary widely by province—e.g., Ontario: 38 g CO₂e/kWh; Alberta: 490 g CO₂e/kWh. Selecting the right regional factor matters. Canada.ca

If a low-pressure filter reduces fan energy by ~300 kWh/year per unit (magnitude depends on hours, fan size, and baseline pressure):

U.S. eGRID avg: 300 kWh × 0.393 kg/kWh ≈ 118 kg CO₂e/year per filter.
Ontario: 300 kWh × 0.038 kg/kWh ≈ 11 kg CO₂e/year per filter.

This is why portfolios across different grids see very different CO₂e per kWh outcomes. Even when the kWh savings are identical. US EPA

For transparency in ESG filings, reference the EPA eGRID subregion or the Government of Canada tables (or your utility-specific factors) and archive the PDFs used for each reporting year. US EPA

Risk management & IAQ alignment

Stay within ASHRAE 62.1 minimums at all times when spaces are occupied. DCV is about right-sizing, not starving air. Updated addenda clarify occupancy-based turndown rules—use them. ASHRAE
Filter choices: Seek equal or higher capture with lower ΔP; measure clean and loaded ΔP at your own face velocities. Research shows energy impact depends on filter design and system configuration, not only MERV. ScienceDirect
Measurement culture: Treat IAQ and energy as co-optimized objectives by trending PM, CO₂, temperature, and fan power together, so nobody is flying blind.

What this unlocks for 2026 capex

Once you bank the operational tons above, the economics of electrification, heat recovery, and heat pumps improve because you’re sizing for reduced loads. DOE/NREL work on advanced RTU control consistently shows meaningful kWh reductions when variable fans and DCV are layered in—think of these as pre-project multipliers that de-risk later capex. NREL Docs

The Power of the Overlooked 20%

In the rush to decarbonize, it’s tempting to chase the biggest, newest technologies. But the truth is that many of the most reliable carbon savings are already within reach. Hidden in fans, filters, ventilation rates, and maintenance routines.

Filtration, demand-controlled ventilation, and preventative maintenance may not make the headlines, but together they represent the overlooked 20% of actions that can deliver 80% of your emissions savings. They are measurable, repeatable, and scalable across portfolios, exactly the kind of solutions facility leaders need as they enter a new year of climate commitments.

Why Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a Top Search Trend & How It’s Reshaping Energy Efficiency

Ava Montini
Mar 11, 2025
4 min read

The Convergence of Energy Management and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

The way we design and manage buildings is undergoing a seismic shift. What was once a tug-of-war between energy efficiency and indoor air quality (IAQ) is now a race toward integration, where both priorities are optimized in tandem. For years, the push for energy efficiency led to tighter, better-insulated buildings—but at the cost of trapping pollutants indoors. Conversely, IAQ initiatives often demanded more ventilation and filtration, sometimes at the expense of higher energy use.

But today, with advancements in smart building technology, regulatory shifts, and growing health consciousness, businesses and institutions no longer have to choose between efficiency and air quality. Instead, they’re seeking solutions that deliver both. The result? A surge in interest, research, and investment in IAQ technologies that enhance occupant well-being while supporting sustainability goals.

Why IAQ Has Become a Top Priority in Energy Management

The sudden rise of IAQ as a dominant industry focus isn’t coincidental—it’s being driven by several converging forces:

1. Health is Now a Building Performance Metric

The COVID-19 pandemic forever changed the way people think about the air they breathe indoors. No longer just a comfort factor, IAQ is now recognized as a health and safety imperative. Organizations are realizing that better air quality means fewer airborne pathogens, reduced absenteeism, and improved overall well-being.

Poor IAQ has been linked to substantial health and productivity costs, with estimates reaching at least $60 billion annually in regions like California. (Journal of Epidemiology)

2. Regulatory and Compliance Pressures are Increasing

From ASHRAE’s new IAQ standards to WELL and LEED certifications, businesses must now align with stringent indoor air quality benchmarks. These evolving regulations are pushing commercial buildings, schools, healthcare facilities, and industrial spaces to adopt air purification and filtration solutions that meet high air quality thresholds without inflating energy costs.

The World Health Organization attributes 3.2 million premature deaths annually to household air pollution, emphasizing the urgent need for better IAQ solutions. (WHO)

3. IAQ is Directly Tied to Productivity and Cognitive Function

Groundbreaking research from Harvard University’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health has shown that improved IAQ can enhance cognitive performance, decision-making, and productivity. High CO₂ levels and airborne particulates negatively impact focus, fatigue, and overall workplace efficiency.

Studies show that IAQ improvements can boost workplace performance by up to 10%. (Kaiterra)

4. Smart Buildings Are Driving Smarter Air Quality Management

The rise of smart sensors and AI-driven HVAC controls is enabling real-time IAQ optimization. New systems can dynamically adjust ventilation rates based on occupancy, pollutant levels, and energy demand, ensuring that air quality is maintained without excessive energy consumption. This technology is transforming the way air quality and energy efficiency interact, making it possible to improve both simultaneously.

5. Energy Incentives and ESG Goals Are Fueling Investment

Organizations are improving IAQ not just because they have to—many are doing so because it aligns with their Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) goals and unlocks financial incentives.

The global market for energy-efficient HVAC systems is projected to grow significantly, demonstrating the increased commitment to sustainability. (Technavio) Governments and utility providers are offering grants, rebates, and tax incentives for businesses that implement energy-efficient air filtration and ventilation systems, making these upgrades more economically viable.

Case Studies: IAQ and Energy Efficiency in Action

Case Study 1

The Empire State Building’s IAQ and Energy Overhaul

The Empire State Building underwent a landmark sustainability retrofit, becoming one of the world’s most energy-efficient skyscrapers. A major focus of this project was enhancing IAQ without increasing energy consumption. The strategy included high-efficiency air filtration, real-time IAQ monitoring, and demand-controlled ventilation.

By implementing MERV-13 filters with low-pressure drops and integrating smart HVAC controls, the building achieved a 38% reduction in overall energy use while significantly improving air quality. The success of this initiative has made it a blueprint for commercial buildings worldwide, proving that IAQ and energy savings can go hand in hand.

Case Study 2

University Campus Cuts Energy Use While Enhancing IAQ

A major California university, the University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine), faced a dilemma—how to improve IAQ in its aging campus buildings while meeting aggressive carbon reduction goals. Instead of increasing ventilation rates indiscriminately, UC Irvine implemented a demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) system that dynamically adjusted airflow based on real-time occupancy and air quality data.

This resulted in a significant reduction in HVAC energy consumption and a noticeable decrease in CO₂ levels across lecture halls and dormitories. By leveraging smart IAQ monitoring and strategic ventilation, the university improved air quality without compromising sustainability targets.

The Future

IAQ and Energy Efficiency as Standard Practice

The next era of building design and management will not separate air quality from energy efficiency—they will be inherently linked. As data-driven technologies evolve, the most successful organizations will recognize IAQ as a fundamental pillar of sustainability, human health, and operational efficiency.

At Blade Air, we are at the forefront of this transformation, offering cutting-edge filtration solutions and IAQ optimization strategies that empower businesses, schools, and institutions to achieve cleaner air without compromise.

The future of IAQ is not just about breathing easier—it’s about thinking smarter.

For more insights on how Blade Air is helping businesses achieve IAQ excellence without sacrificing energy efficiency, connect with us.

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