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How Winter Affects Indoor Air Quality: Tips to Improve IAQ and Save Energy

Learn how winter habits impact indoor air quality (IAQ) and discover actionable tips for a healthier, more sustainable season.

Ava Montini

Nov 22, 2024

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As snow blankets the ground and the warmth of home becomes a retreat from the frigid air outside, another less visible element takes center stage: indoor air quality (IAQ). Winter is a season of contrasts—while we cherish cozy nights and festive gatherings, the environmental trade-offs of sealed windows, cranked-up heaters, and reduced ventilation can quietly affect our health and comfort.


The air indoors becomes a silent participant in our daily lives, influencing everything from how well we breathe to how much energy we consume. Understanding how winter habits impact IAQ is essential to creating healthier, more sustainable spaces.


1. The Winter Environment and Indoor Air Quality Challenges

During the winter months, we naturally seal windows and doors to retain heat, but this significantly reduces fresh air exchange. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), indoor pollutant levels can be two to five times higher than outdoors, and winter often amplifies this imbalance.


Common Winter IAQ Issues:

  • Trapped Pollutants: Dust, pet dander, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cleaning products and materials accumulate in sealed homes.

  • Dry Air: Heating systems lower indoor humidity levels, often below the recommended 30-50%, causing respiratory discomfort and allowing airborne viruses to spread more quickly.

  • Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Poor ventilation increases CO2 levels, leading to fatigue, poor concentration, and even health risks.


For example, cooking hearty meals—a winter staple—releases fine particles and nitrogen dioxide into the air, particularly if ventilation systems are inadequate. Add to this candles, which emit particulates, and cleaning sprays with VOCs, and you get a cocktail of pollutants that linger in the air during winter.


2. The Link Between Poor IAQ and Winter Sickness

It’s no coincidence that cold and flu season coincides with winter. Poor IAQ creates an environment where airborne viruses thrive. Research from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health shows that higher levels of particulates increase the risk of respiratory infections.


Consider schools during winter: crowded classrooms with inadequate ventilation often experience higher absenteeism due to illness. Similarly, in workplaces, the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) reports that poor IAQ reduces cognitive function by up to 15%.

Even at home, children and older adults are particularly vulnerable. However, addressing IAQ with solutions like air filtration and humidity control can reduce these risks, keeping households healthier through the season.


3. Heating Efficiency and Environmental Impact

Winter heating is essential for comfort and health, but it comes with both financial and environmental costs. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, heating accounts for nearly 42% of a household’s energy consumption during the colder months, making it the single largest energy expense. However, the impact of heating goes beyond energy bills—inefficient systems can strain resources, contribute to higher carbon emissions, and even affect indoor air quality (IAQ).


How HVAC Systems Influence IAQ and Efficiency

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are central to indoor comfort, but their efficiency depends on regular maintenance. Dirty or clogged air filters reduce airflow, forcing HVAC systems to work harder and use more energy. This inefficiency increases costs and leads to uneven heating, worsened air circulation, and reduced system lifespan.


Replacing filters is a simple yet effective solution. As noted by the U.S. Department of Energy, a clean filter can reduce energy consumption by 5-15% while also helping maintain better IAQ by trapping dust, allergens, and other pollutants.


Environmental Costs of Inefficient Heating Systems

Beyond individual households, inefficient heating systems have a broader environmental impact. Residential heating contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, especially when fueled by natural gas, propane, or oil. Poorly maintained systems exacerbate this by burning more fuel to compensate for inefficiencies.


The materials used in air filters also contribute to environmental sustainability. Millions of disposable filters are sent to landfills annually, where they add to long-term waste. Many are made of non-recyclable synthetic materials, adding to the ecological burden. Opting for reusable or recyclable filter options helps reduce this waste while supporting a more sustainable heating system.


Practical Steps for Improving Heating Efficiency

To minimize environmental impact and reduce costs while maintaining good IAQ, consider these strategies:

  • Replace Filters Regularly: Dirty filters strain the system and reduce airflow, leading to inefficiencies.

  • Seal Ducts: Leaks in ductwork can cause up to 30% of heated air to be lost, forcing the HVAC system to work harder.

  • Upgrade Insulation: Properly insulating attics, walls, and floors helps retain heat and reduces the workload on heating systems.

  • Invest in Smart Thermostats: These devices allow precise temperature control, optimizing energy use during the day and night.

  • Schedule Routine Maintenance: Regular professional check-ups ensure that HVAC systems operate efficiently and identify potential issues early.


4. Sustainable Solutions for Winter IAQ

Improving indoor air quality (IAQ) during winter is a balancing act between maintaining health, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing environmental impact. The good news is that modern technologies and sustainable practices make achieving all three more accessible than ever.


Innovative IAQ Technologies

Emerging technologies offer smarter and more efficient ways to tackle winter IAQ challenges:

  • High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters: These filters capture 99.97% of particles as small as 0.3 microns, including allergens, mold spores, and some bacteria, making them an excellent choice for improving air quality in homes with sensitive occupants.

  • Electromagnetic Filters: Unlike traditional pleated filters, electromagnetic filters use charged surfaces to attract and trap particles. This innovative design reduces resistance, allowing for better airflow and greater energy efficiency.

  • Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs): ERVs exchange stale indoor air for fresh outdoor air while retaining heat, ensuring good ventilation without sacrificing warmth. These systems are particularly effective in homes that prioritize energy conservation during winter.


The Role of Sustainability in IAQ Solutions

Sustainable solutions for IAQ extend beyond individual technologies. For instance, many traditional air filters are disposable and contribute significantly to landfill waste. By switching to reusable or recyclable filters, households and businesses can reduce their environmental impact while maintaining effective air filtration.

Additionally, some manufacturers are adopting circular economy practices, designing filters with biodegradable components or creating programs to refurbish and reuse old filters. These innovations align with the growing demand for eco-friendly solutions that minimize waste while addressing IAQ challenges.


Practical Steps for Adopting Sustainable IAQ Solutions

Incorporating sustainable IAQ practices doesn’t require a complete home or HVAC system overhaul. Small, intentional choices can make a significant difference:

  • Choose Long-Lasting Filters: Opt for high-efficiency or reusable filters that reduce waste and provide better performance.

  • Invest in Smart Ventilation Systems: Modern systems like ERVs automatically balance fresh air intake and heat retention, making them energy-efficient for maintaining IAQ during winter.

  • Reduce Source Pollutants: Limit the use of products that emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as certain paints and cleaning agents.

  • Monitor IAQ in Real-Time: Smart air quality monitors provide data on pollutant levels, helping you identify and address issues proactively.



Winter brings its own unique challenges, but it’s also an opportunity to take control of your indoor environment. By addressing IAQ through sustainable choices, regular maintenance, and innovative technologies, you can create a home or workplace that supports well-being while minimizing environmental impact.


The air you breathe indoors this winter doesn’t just keep you warm—it’s a foundation for health, energy savings, and a greener future. Let’s make winter air work for everyone.

Writer's pictureJennifer Crowley

How to Make a Commercial Building More Energy Efficient

Young male employee wearing a blue hard hat and holding a tablet indicating energy usage within the building
By conducting an energy audit, analyzing utility bills, and determining the building’s Energy Star rating, you can identify the most significant areas for improvement and develop a plan to increase energy efficiency.

Current Commercial Building Energy Efficiency

To start, it’s essential to assess the current energy usage of a commercial building. Conducting an energy audit is a helpful tool for identifying areas of improvement. An energy audit can help determine how much energy the building consumes, where energy is wasted, and what can be done to reduce energy usage.


Another way to assess energy usage is to analyze utility bills. Tracking energy consumption and cost can help identify patterns and provide insight into where energy is used most. Additionally, by monitoring utility bills over time, you can track the effectiveness of energy-saving measures implemented in the building.


Finally, determining the building’s Energy Star rating can help gauge its energy efficiency compared to similar buildings in the same climate zone. Energy Star is a program developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that provides a rating system for buildings based on their energy performance.


By conducting an energy audit, analyzing utility bills, and determining the building’s Energy Star rating, you can identify the most significant areas for improvement and develop a plan to increase energy efficiency.


Lighting 

Lighting is one of the most significant contributors to energy consumption in commercial buildings. To reduce energy usage, you can implement the following energy-efficient lighting strategies:

  • Switch to LED lighting: LED lights are up to 80% more efficient than traditional incandescent lights and can last up to 25 times longer. While the upfront cost of LED lights may be higher, they are a long-term investment that can significantly reduce energy usage and maintenance costs.

  • Install occupancy sensors: Occupancy sensors can turn off lights when no one is in the room, reducing energy usage and extending the life of the light bulbs. This technology is especially useful in frequently unoccupied areas, such as conference rooms or restrooms.

  • Utilize natural light: Maximizing natural light can reduce the need for artificial lighting and decrease energy consumption. You can install skylights or windows in areas with little natural light or use daylighting sensors to adjust artificial lighting levels based on the amount of natural light available.


In addition to reducing energy usage, implementing energy-efficient lighting strategies can also improve the lighting quality in the building and create a more comfortable work environment for employees.

By implementing these lighting strategies, you can significantly reduce energy consumption in commercial buildings and improve their overall energy efficiency.


HVAC System

The HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system is another significant contributor to energy consumption in commercial buildings. To increase energy efficiency, you can implement the following HVAC strategies:

  • Conduct regular maintenance and tune-ups: Regular maintenance and tune-ups can improve the performance and efficiency of the HVAC system. This includes changing air filters, checking refrigerant levels, cleaning coils, and inspecting ductwork.

  • Replace filters regularly: Clogged air filters can restrict airflow and cause the HVAC system to work harder, consuming more energy. It’s essential to replace filters regularly to maintain the system’s efficiency.

  • Upgrade to more energy-efficient equipment: Upgrading to more energy-efficient HVAC equipment can significantly reduce energy consumption. Consider replacing standard HVAC filters with Blades’ Pro Filter Series that lower energy consumption by up to 75%, last up to 2x longer and are made of 70% sustainable material. 


Get a free consultation for a custom indoor air quality solution. 

In addition to these strategies, you can also implement building automation systems that can control the HVAC system based on occupancy, temperature, and humidity levels. These systems can optimize the HVAC system’s performance and reduce energy consumption.

By implementing these HVAC strategies, you can significantly reduce energy consumption in commercial buildings and improve their overall energy efficiency.


Insulation and Weatherization

Insulation and sealing are essential components of a commercial building’s energy efficiency. Proper insulation and sealing can prevent air leaks, reduce energy consumption, and improve indoor air quality. To improve insulation and sealing, you can implement the following strategies:

  • Seal air leaks: Air leaks can allow conditioned air to escape and outdoor air to enter the building, causing the HVAC system to work harder and consume more energy. Sealing air leaks can prevent this energy loss and improve indoor air quality. Common areas to seal include windows, doors, and ductwork.

  • Improve insulation: Proper insulation can prevent heat transfer and reduce energy consumption. Areas to insulate include walls, floors, and attics. Choosing the right type of insulation and installing it correctly is essential to ensure maximum efficiency.

  • Upgrade windows: Single-pane windows can be a significant source of energy loss. Upgrading to double-pane or triple-pane windows can significantly improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption. Additionally, installing low-emissivity window coatings can minimize heat transfer and enhance comfort.


By implementing these insulation and sealing strategies, you can significantly reduce energy consumption in commercial buildings and improve their overall energy efficiency.


Renewable Energy

Renewable energy sources can provide clean and sustainable energy to commercial buildings, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources and decreasing energy costs. To incorporate renewable energy sources, you can implement the following strategies:

  • Install solar panels: Solar panels can convert sunlight into electricity and provide a renewable energy source for the building. By installing solar panels, you can significantly reduce energy consumption and costs.

  • Utilize wind power: If the building is located in an area with consistent wind, wind turbines can be installed to generate electricity. However, wind turbines can be costly and require significant space.

  • Incorporate geothermal systems: Geothermal systems utilize the Earth’s natural heat to regulate temperature and provide energy. These systems can be costly to install, but they offer long-term savings and environmental benefits.


By incorporating renewable energy sources, you can significantly reduce energy consumption in commercial buildings and improve their overall energy efficiency. Additionally, utilizing renewable energy sources can decrease reliance on traditional energy sources, promote sustainability, and reduce carbon emissions.


While implementing energy-efficient strategies can significantly reduce energy consumption in a commercial building, employee behaviour can also impact energy usage. To encourage energy-efficient behaviour and promote employee engagement, you can implement the following strategies:

  • Educate employees on energy-saving practices: Educating employees on energy-saving practices can increase awareness and promote energy-efficient behaviour. This can include training on energy-efficient equipment usage, encouraging employees to turn off equipment when not used, and promoting paperless practices.

  • Encourage employee participation in energy-saving initiatives: Encouraging employee participation in energy-saving initiatives can promote engagement and foster a culture of sustainability. This can include implementing energy-saving challenges or contests, recognizing and rewarding employees who promote energy-efficient behaviour, and involving employees in energy-saving decision-making processes.

  • Monitor and track energy usage: Monitoring and tracking energy usage can provide insight into energy consumption patterns and identify areas for improvement. Sharing this information with employees can increase awareness and promote energy-efficient behaviour.


By promoting employee awareness and engagement, you can foster a culture of sustainability and encourage energy-efficient behaviour in commercial buildings. This can lead to long-term energy savings and environmental benefits.


Financing and Incentives

Energy audits and benchmarking can provide valuable insight into a commercial building’s energy consumption patterns and identify areas for improvement. To conduct energy audits and benchmarking, you can implement the following strategies:

  • Conduct regular energy audits: Regular energy audits can identify areas of energy waste and inefficiency, allowing you to implement targeted energy-saving strategies. Audits can include assessing equipment performance, insulation and sealing, lighting, and HVAC systems.

  • Benchmark energy usage: Benchmarking energy usage can provide a baseline for energy consumption and identify areas for improvement. Benchmarking can involve comparing energy usage to similar buildings or industry benchmarks.

  • Implement energy-saving recommendations: Energy-saving recommendations from energy audits and benchmarking can significantly reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency. Recommendations can include equipment upgrades, insulation improvements, lighting upgrades, and behaviour change strategies.


By conducting regular energy audits and benchmarking, you can identify opportunities for energy savings and continuously improve the commercial building’s energy efficiency.

Explore expert insights, stay up to date with industry events, and gain a deeper understanding of the cutting-edge developments that are revolutionizing the indoor air quality landscape within Blade Air's comprehensive Insights Hub.

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