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Facility Changes That Drive 80% of Emissions Savings

The overlooked 20% of building strategies can deliver 80% of emissions savings. Here’s how to reset your 2026 baseline.

Ava Montini

Jan 6, 2026

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The 80/20 Pattern in Building Decarbonization


In business, the Pareto principle (the idea that 20% of actions create 80% of results) shows up everywhere. It also applies to the way buildings decarbonize.



Most portfolios still treat carbon reduction as a capital-projects problem: new chillers, new boilers, new equipment. These projects are visible, expensive, and easy to headline in ESG reports. But in practice, the biggest near-term gains lie in the systems that are already running every hour of every day.


According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, space heating, cooling, and ventilation are among the top energy end-uses in commercial buildings, with ventilation alone consuming nearly 10% of the total building energy. Factor in heating and cooling, and the air systems you already own set the floor for your emissions profile. Industry surveys and guidance reinforce this point: HVAC systems consistently account for approximately 40% of energy use in commercial facilities. A share that shifts by climate zone but remains dominant across the board.


Before you buy new megawatts, make the watts you already use travel a shorter, smarter, more efficient path.


Filtration as a carbon multiplier (not a consumable line item)



Why filtration matters for energy (and CO₂e)

Filters impose a pressure drop; fans work against that resistance. Basic fan/affinity laws tell us that pressure rises with the square of fan speed, and fan power typically scales with pressure/flow requirements. Therefore, adding resistance increases fan energy unless the system compensates by reducing the flow.


On variable-speed systems that maintain flow, peer-reviewed work shows roughly linear fan-power response to added system pressure: a 10% rise in total pressure drop ≈ 10% rise in fan electric power (assumes fan and motor efficiencies roughly constant at operating point). CaEE


Field and lab studies show that higher filter resistance reduces supply airflow and can increase total power (especially as filters load), degrading cooling capacity and forcing longer runtimes. Newer research also documents the compounding effects of filter loading, with heavy clogging cutting net supply airflow by >30%, a textbook example of invisible energy waste. ScienceDirect


Moving up in MERV doesn’t automatically mean higher energy costs. Well-designed filters use optimized media and geometry (like deeper pleats or more surface area) to keep airflow resistance low. Studies have shown that these higher-efficiency filters can have a lower pressure drop than inexpensive MERV 8 pleated filters, especially when systems are properly balanced. In other words, it’s the filter’s pressure profile that matters, not just the MERV number. ScienceDirect


If you can lower your filter pressure drop while maintaining or improving capture, you directly reduce continuous fan energy. One of the few all-hours loads in many facilities. Because fans run whenever you condition or ventilate space, these savings translate cleanly into CO₂e reductions (see Section 5 for the math).


Demand-Controlled Ventilation (DCV)



What DCV does

It modulates outside-air intake based on occupancy (CO₂, people-count, scheduling) to avoid conditioning empty spaces. Codes and standards increasingly require or encourage DCV in high-occupancy areas, with ASHRAE 62.1 updates clarifying when and how ventilation turndown is permitted (including addenda that allow reduction to zero OA during verified unoccupied periods in certain space types). ASHRAE


Across building types and climates, published work shows that DCV control logic achieves ~9–33% HVAC energy savings. Advanced rooftop-unit control packages, which incorporate multi-speed/variable fans, DCV, and smarter economizer control, have delivered double-digit fan and cooling savings, sometimes exceeding 20%. Taylor & Francis Online


Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) analyses flag that cost-effectiveness depends on the baseline over-ventilation and occupancy patterns; if your current minimums are already close to code, savings shrink. That’s a guidance feature, not a flaw—the point is to measure your baseline VRs before projecting benefits. Energy Technologies Area


DCV is a surgical lever: attack over-ventilation where it exists, prove reductions with trend data, and lock in permanent load reductions; especially valuable in heating-dominated regions where conditioning outside air is expensive in both energy and CO₂e. Energy Codes Guide


Preventative Maintenance


Controls drift, coils foul, dampers stick, sensors mis-calibrate—quietly taxing 5–15% of portfolio energy in many studies. Modern fault detection & diagnostics (FDD) tools and structured maintenance programs quickly recapture that waste. NREL Docs


  1. Coil fouling: Government and academic sources document material energy penalties from dirty coils; some guidance cites compressor energy up to ~30% higher with fouled condensers (case and climate dependent). Even conservative findings confirm meaningful efficiency and capacity degradation. Avoidable with routine cleaning. Energy.gov.au


  2. Economizers & OA paths: Mis-tuned economizers are common and costly; retuning and sensor QA via FDD is repeatedly highlighted in DOE/NREL/PNNL guidance as a top-tier low-cost fix. PNNL


  3. RTU controls refresh: Campaign results and tech briefs demonstrate that advanced RTU control (variable fan, DCV, and economizer optimization) consistently yields energy reductions of more than 20%, with 25–50% reductions cited in certain deployments compared to legacy constant-speed, always-open baselines. Better Buildings Solution Center


Maintenance is mitigation. It’s also Scope 3-friendly: operating equipment at design efficiency extends service life and defers replacements, reducing embodied carbon churn in your capital plan. (See the measurement plan below to make these savings auditable.)


Turning kWh into CO₂e: a quick, defensible method

Your sustainability stakeholders care about tons, not watts. To translate HVAC savings into CO₂e:

  1. Quantify energy from the measure (e.g., fan kWh drop from low-pressure filters; heating/cooling kWh or therms saved from DCV; kWh saved from FDD fixes).

  2. Apply grid or fuel emission factors appropriate to the site(s) and year.

    • U.S. electricity (2022 eGRID avg): ≈ 0.393 kg CO₂/kWh (867.5 lb/MWh delivered). US EPA+1

    • Canada electricity (2025 factors) vary widely by province—e.g., Ontario: 38 g CO₂e/kWh; Alberta: 490 g CO₂e/kWh. Selecting the right regional factor matters. Canada.ca


If a low-pressure filter reduces fan energy by ~300 kWh/year per unit (magnitude depends on hours, fan size, and baseline pressure):

  • U.S. eGRID avg: 300 kWh × 0.393 kg/kWh ≈ 118 kg CO₂e/year per filter.

  • Ontario: 300 kWh × 0.038 kg/kWh ≈ 11 kg CO₂e/year per filter.

This is why portfolios across different grids see very different CO₂e per kWh outcomes. Even when the kWh savings are identical. US EPA


For transparency in ESG filings, reference the EPA eGRID subregion or the Government of Canada tables (or your utility-specific factors) and archive the PDFs used for each reporting year. US EPA


Risk management & IAQ alignment

  • Stay within ASHRAE 62.1 minimums at all times when spaces are occupied. DCV is about right-sizing, not starving air. Updated addenda clarify occupancy-based turndown rules—use them. ASHRAE

  • Filter choices: Seek equal or higher capture with lower ΔP; measure clean and loaded ΔP at your own face velocities. Research shows energy impact depends on filter design and system configuration, not only MERV. ScienceDirect

  • Measurement culture: Treat IAQ and energy as co-optimized objectives by trending PM, CO₂, temperature, and fan power together, so nobody is flying blind.


What this unlocks for 2026 capex

Once you bank the operational tons above, the economics of electrification, heat recovery, and heat pumps improve because you’re sizing for reduced loads. DOE/NREL work on advanced RTU control consistently shows meaningful kWh reductions when variable fans and DCV are layered in—think of these as pre-project multipliers that de-risk later capex. NREL Docs


The Power of the Overlooked 20%

In the rush to decarbonize, it’s tempting to chase the biggest, newest technologies. But the truth is that many of the most reliable carbon savings are already within reach. Hidden in fans, filters, ventilation rates, and maintenance routines.


Filtration, demand-controlled ventilation, and preventative maintenance may not make the headlines, but together they represent the overlooked 20% of actions that can deliver 80% of your emissions savings. They are measurable, repeatable, and scalable across portfolios, exactly the kind of solutions facility leaders need as they enter a new year of climate commitments.

Do Air Purifiers Help with Dust?

  • Writer: Jennifer Crowley
    Jennifer Crowley
  • Jul 30, 2023
  • 3 min read

Updated: Jul 9, 2024

Blurry image of a woman in the background, with a thick ray of dust in the foreground
High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters effectively remove small particles from the air, including dust, pollen, and pet dander.

Dust is common in all indoor spaces; you’ll find it in your office, home, and almost every building you enter. But just because it’s common, it does not mean we should ignore its potentially harmful effects on our health. Let’s take a closer look a what dust is, its health effects and how we can improve our indoor air quality by better managing dust.


Sources of Dust

We must understand what’s in the air we breathe, as dust can come from various sources in the indoor environment.

Some of the most common sources of dust include:

  1. Outdoor Pollutants: Pollen, dirt, and other outdoor pollutants can easily make their way into our homes through open windows, doors, and ventilation systems. In areas with high pollution levels, these outdoor particles can be a major source of indoor dust.

  2. Human and Pet Dander: Skin cells, hair, and other organic matter shed by humans and pets can contribute to dust in the indoor environment. Even if you don’t have pets, your own skin cells and hair can add to the amount of dust in your home.

  3. Pollen: Pollen from plants can enter our homes through open windows and doors, as well as on our clothing and shoes. If you suffer from allergies, this can be a significant source of indoor dust, exacerbating your symptoms.

  4. Everyday Products: Cleaning products and air fresheners can release chemicals and particles into the air that contribute to indoor dust. These products can include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can have adverse health effects when inhaled.


Dust Mites

Dust mites are tiny arachnids (not insects) commonly found in household dust. They are microscopic and cannot be seen with the naked eye. Dust mites feed on dead skin cells shed by humans and animals, which are commonly found in household dust. They thrive in warm and humid environments, making bedding, upholstered furniture, and carpeting ideal habitats. Dust mites are not harmful to most people, but some may experience allergic reactions to their waste products, which can cause symptoms such as sneezing, a runny nose, and itchy eyes.

Here are some additional facts about dust in indoor spaces:

  1. An average person sheds 1.5 grams of skin flakes daily, which may not seem like a lot, but that’s enough to feed a million dust mites.

  2. The excrement of dust mites is recognized as a significant indoor allergen that can trigger allergic reactions and asthma symptoms in people.

  3. Roughly four out of five homes in the United States have detectable dust mite allergen levels in at least one bed.


Health Effects

Inhaling dust can have various negative health effects, particularly for those with allergies, asthma, or other respiratory problems. Dust particles can be small enough to enter the lungs and cause irritation and inflammation, leading to various respiratory symptoms.

Here are some of the specific health effects associated with inhaling dust:

  1. Allergies: Dust is a common allergen and can trigger allergic reactions in some people. Symptoms of dust allergies can include sneezing, itchy or watery eyes, a runny nose, and congestion. In some cases, dust allergies can even trigger asthma symptoms.

  2. Asthma: Inhaling dust can trigger asthma attacks in people with asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the airways, which can lead to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing.

  3. Respiratory Problems: Inhaling dust can also cause other respiratory problems, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


Dust Management

There are several ways to manage dust in the indoor environment. Here are some tips:

  1. Regular Cleaning: Regular cleaning is one of the most effective ways to manage dust accumulation. This includes vacuuming carpets and furniture, dusting surfaces, and wiping down counters and floors.

  2. Vacuuming: Use a vacuum cleaner to remove dust from carpets and upholstery effectively.

  3. Dusting: Use a damp or microfiber cloth to dust surfaces, which helps trap dust instead of spreading it around.

  4. Air Purifying: Consider using an air purifier with a HEPA filter to remove dust particles from the air.

  5. Changing HVAC Filters: Regularly changing HVAC filters prevents dust and debris from accumulating on the filter, ensuring the HVAC system is performing effectively.


Can Air Purifiers Help With Dust?

Blade Air's HEPA Air Purifier sitting in the hall outside an office boardroom
The Blade Air HEPA air purifiers remove dust, and also use an active carbon filter to absorb unwanted odours, VOCs and organic compounds, creating that crisp, fresh air feel.

High-efficiency particulate Air (HEPA) filters effectively remove small particles from the air, including dust, pollen, and pet dander.


A true HEPA filter is rated to capture particles at 0.3 microns in size with 99.97% efficiency, but it can also capture much larger and smaller particles. Although an air purifier can help with dust, it cannot remove particles altogether; with regular use, it can provide a significant reduction in household dust.


The Blade Air HEPA air purifiers go a step further by incorporating an active carbon filter to absorb unwanted odours, VOCs and organic compounds, creating that crisp, fresh air feel. Engineered to maximize clean air delivery rates, our air purifiers feature a comprehensive multi-stage filtration process to ensure a completely clean air environment in any deployed indoor setting.

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